

In addition, Levine covers the history of search engine and social media companies, such as Google and Twitter, and their role in creating a ubiquitous online surveillance infrastructure and architecture that enables the U.S. The activities of the National Security Agency and other intelligence agencies as they have sought to monitor and contain digital technologies are also discussed. to use the Internet as a mechanism for control and surveillance, most notably the CALEA (Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act) act, which enabled the US government to gain direct access to telecom company databases.

Levine also covers the various attempts by the U.S. From the early experiments with packet switching that developed into the first internet technology to the massive global data centers that now make up the Internet backbone, Levine provides a narrative of how the power structure of the Internet came to look the way it does today. military and intelligence communities to secretly funnel money, research and technology into the development of the Internet, while also covering its use to facilitate global corporate spying and surveillance operations. He details the various machinations of the U.S. Department of Defense in the early 1960s to its gradual privatization in the mid-1990s. Levine traces the history of the Internet from a product of state-sponsored research and development for the U.S. Surveillance Valley: The Secret Military History of the Internet by Yasha Levine is a comprehensive exploration of the often overlooked but powerful military and intelligence history underlying the digital technologies that have come to shape our modern lives.
